Conformance Improvement Technologies -profile control & water shut-off

Course overview This course addresses the technologies and methods applied in the oil industry to control and to mitigate the excessive water production in oil and gas production wells, which cause detrimental effects in the oil production rates and recovery factors. A review the reservoir parameters leading to increase in water production, the methods to identify the water paths as thief zones, high permeability layers, fractures and water coning, and the methods to mitigate or block out the produced water increasing the volumetric sweep efficiency of waterflooding and natural water drives. The lecture provides fundamentals of the water shut off and conformance control methods used in the oil industry, review reservoir parameters and describes mechanical methods as bridge plugs, inflatable packers, elastomers, cementations, and chemical methods with crosslinked polymer gels, and other chemicals to improve conformance. This course is recommended for Production Engineers, Reservoir Engineers, Well Engineers, Geologist, Reservoir Managers, and Technical field personnel from oil companies and service companies that need to gain knowledge of the methods to reduce the produce water increasing the oil rates, understanding the possibilities and implications of implementing water shut off operations. Course content Reservoir Rock And Fluid Properties •    Oil Displacement By Waterflooding •    Flow Injection-well Patterns •    Vertical Efficiency •    Areal Efficiency •    Volumetric Efficiency •    Swept Efficiency o    Key Factor Factors In The Waterflooding Process o    Reservoir Deep o    Wells Location o    Rock and Fluid Properties o    Mobility Ratio o    Injection Rate o    Dipping o    Reservoir Heterogeneities o    Spacing Effect in a waterflood design o    When to start Injection Reservoir Conformance and Profile Modification •    Definition of Conformance. •    Illustration of Conformance and Conformance Problems. •    Conformance and the Rate of Oil Recovery. •    Excessive Water Production as a Conformance Problem. •    Definition of Sweep Improvement and Profile Modification Introduction to Polymer Gels  •    Polymer Gels •    CC/AP Gels •    Aqueous Gels •    CC/AP Shutoff Treatments en Carbonates and Sandstone •    CC/AP Gels Technologies •    Other Polymer Gels •    Illustrative Field Applications •    CC/AP Gel WSO Treatments •    Benefits of Polymer Gels •    Polymer Gel WSO Treatment Design Parameter and Considerations •    Successful WSO Treatment Requirements •    Diagnostic Testing Especially useful for WSO Gel Treatment •    Fracture vs Matrix Conformance Problems •    Types of high-permeability Anomalies •    Limits, Constraints and Pitfalls •    RISKS: Improperly Designed or Executed WSO Jobs •    Success Rate for Gel WSO Jobs •    Gel Complement Cement •    DPR/PRM and SPB •    Diagnostic Methods a.    Economic Recovery Plot: Water-Oil Ratio (WOR) vs Recovery b.    Identification of ‘Bad’ Water: Production History Plot c.    Identification of ‘Bad’ Water: Production Decline Plot d.    WOR Diagnosis Plot: Water Breakthrough •    Types of Treatments in Water Control and its effectiveness: o    Category A: “Conventional” Treatments Normally Are an Effective Choice o    Category B: Treatments with Gelants Normally Are an Effective Choice o    Category C: Treatments with Preformed Gels Are an Effective Choice o    Category D: Difficult Problems Where Gel Treatments Should Not Be Used •    General Discussion on all types of Water Control Methods: o    Physical, chemical & polymer gel applications •    Candidate well selection o    Commonly Used and How to Select the More Suitable One for a Particular Application •    Basic Requirements of a Gel System Course take-away •    Review and study of  the RESERVOIR ROCK AND FLUID  PROPERTIES •    Review and study of OIL DISPLACEMENT BY WATERFLOODING •    Review and Analysis of the KEY FACTORS IN THE WATERFLOODING PROCESS •    The Gelling System as  a predominant method of blocking permeability and redistributing water drive o    Field Applications of Polymer Gel Systems, o    Polymer gel selection •    Study of proper identification of the water-production mechanism, •    Study and analysis of appropriate selection of wells. •    Selection of the water control agent, •    Methods of water control agent placement and treatment design •    A diagnostic and Solutions of water production problem based on qualitative analysis of reservoir characteristics, production data and well test results. •    Moreover, the usual technique to optimize single well treatments. •    What experience has taught us? •    What are the latest advance and what is coming and needed.